Libor Dollar Rate Jumps to Highest in Year; Credit Stays Frozen

The cost of borrowing in dollars for three months in London soared to the highest level this year as coordinated interest-rate reductions worldwide failed to revive lending among banks for any longer than a day.

Attempts by policy makers to restore confidence to money markets are being stymied by almost daily crises among financial institutions. Iceland's government took over the nation's biggest lender today to keep the country's banking system working. American International Group Inc., the insurer taken over by the U.S. government, may need $37.8 billion of extra funds, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York said yesterday.

``To see little or no reaction in the fixings is very disappointing and reinforces the fact that Libor is broken and the transmission mechanism from central banks isn't working,'' said Barry Moran, a currency trader in Dublin at Bank of Ireland, the country's second-biggest bank. ``Things are still very stressed and we don't know what's going to fix it.''

The London interbank offered rate, or Libor, for three-month loans rose to 4.75 percent today, the highest level since Dec. 28. The Libor-OIS spread, a measure of cash scarcity, widened to a record. The overnight rate fell to 5.09 percent, still 359 basis points more than the Fed's 1.5 percent target rate.

The European Central Bank today offered banks as much cash as they need for six days at its benchmark rate of 3.75 percent, bringing forward new measures to soothe money markets. It also loaned banks a record $100 billion in overnight dollar funds, allotting most of the cash at 5 percent, down from 9.5 percent yesterday.

`Holding Cash'

South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong cut interest rates today, a day after reductions by central banks including the Federal Reserve and European Central Bank that were designed to stem damage from the global financial crisis. The U.K. government pledged yesterday to spend 50 billion pounds ($87 billion) to stave off a collapse of the British banking system.

``I don't see a wave of liquidity coming into the market,'' said Alessandro Tentori, an interest-rate strategist in London at BNP Paribas SA. ``People are still holding on to their cash because there's still a great deal of uncertainty out there.''

Interbank lending rates have climbed as financial institutions stockpile cash to meet funding expectations and remain skeptical that central bank efforts to unblock markets will work. The three-month rate in euros held at a record high of 5.39 percent today.

Iceland, AIG

Iceland's government today seized control of Reykjavik- based Kaupthing Bank hf, completing the takeover of a banking industry that has collapsed under the weight of its foreign debt. Late yesterday, the Fed said New York-based AIG can swap as much as $37.8 billion of its ``investment-grade, fixed-income securities'' for cash to ``replenish liquidity.''

Money-market rates rose today in Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan to the highest levels in at least nine months. Hong Kong's three-month interbank offered rate jumped to 4.4 percent, a one- year high. Singapore's comparable rate for dollar loans increased to 4.51 percent, the highest level since Jan. 8.

The Libor-OIS spread, the difference between the three- month dollar Libor and the overnight indexed swap rate, climbed 23 basis points to an all-time high of 348 basis points. The average was 8 basis points in the 12 months to July 31, 2007, before the credit squeeze began. The difference between what banks and the Treasury pay to borrow money for three months, the so-called TED spread, exceeded 400 basis points for a second day.

`Of Little Help'

``Libor spreads are still wide, which suggest offshore banks are not willing to take more risks lending to other banks,'' said Cezar Bayonito, a liquidity trader at Allied Banking Corp. in the Philippines. ``Interest-rate cuts will be of little help in the near term because the issue is trust, not rates.''

Libor, set by 16 banks in a daily survey by the British Bankers' Association at about noon in London, determines rates on $360 trillion of financial products worldwide, from home loans to derivatives. Member banks provide estimates on how much it would cost to borrow in 10 currencies for periods ranging from a day to a year.

Overnight rates on dealer-placed commercial paper fell 115 basis points to 2.35 percent today, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Companies sell commercial paper, which matures in nine months or less, to help pay for day-to-day expenses such as payroll and rent.

Yields on three-month Treasury bills declined 13 basis points to 0.75 percent.